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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*o":k-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to belch 2 to nauseateface="Times New Roman Star"1 рыгать 2 чувствовать тошноту

face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju"r- 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"ki- (AH) 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"ji>- (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"o":ge- 2




face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"j- 1












face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 503.
face="Times New Roman Star"*or-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig 2 hole, pit 3 to tear out, drag outface="Times New Roman Star"1 копать 2 дыра, яма 3 вырывать, вытаскивать
face="Times New Roman Star"oru 2 (MK)






face="Times New Roman Star"or- 1, or 2



face="Times New Roman Star"var 2face="Times New Roman Star"oro:- 3face="Times New Roman Star"oro:- 3











face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 466-468, TMN 2, 144, Stachowski 196. Turk. > Kalm. ur 'hole, pit'. The Chuv. form may point to a variant *o:r (?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"felt stockingface="Times New Roman Star"войлочный чулок
face="Times New Roman Star"ug|uq (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"uq (Pav. C.)




face="Times New Roman Star"ux
face="Times New Roman Star"uq



face="Times New Roman Star"uq










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 83, ЭСТЯ 1, 581, Лексика 481. The form in MK is probably = *uk-ug (derived from the simple *uk reflected elsewhere). The root should be distinguished from *ujuk (v. sub *ujV(k`V)).
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ymyc?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"small fingerface="Times New Roman Star"мизинецface="Times New Roman Star"c?yc?amuq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?yc?amuq (MK)


face="Times New Roman Star"c?imc?alo|qface="Times New Roman Star"c?imalik


face="Times New Roman Star"symalc?yx, c?ymalc?yxface="Times New Roman Star"s?ymalyqface="Times New Roman Star"c?ymal (dial.)



face="Times New Roman Star"s?umas?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymc?alaq








face="Times New Roman Star"Дыбо 322-323, Лексика 256. See ibid. a number of other forms, probably going back to the same stem, but restructured phonetically because of the root's expressive nature.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?o"n|-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 leather bucket for milking 2 to submerge 3 hollow, deep 4 pool, pondface="Times New Roman Star"1 кожаное ведро для дойки 2 погружаться 3 полый, глубокий 4 пруд, водоем
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"n|ek 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"n|gu"l 4







face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"n|u"r 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"n|, c?u"n| 3, c?o"n|- 2





face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"n|ke 'a metal vessel (чугунок)'








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 426.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ugutface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"fermentface="Times New Roman Star"закваска
face="Times New Roman Star"ug|ut (MK)









face="Times New Roman Star"u:t





face="Times New Roman Star"ug|utface="Times New Roman Star"uvyt







face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 575.
face="Times New Roman Star"*er/enface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wormwoodface="Times New Roman Star"полынь













face="Times New Roman Star"arъm




face="Times New Roman Star"izen (R)







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 48, Егоров 346, Федотов 1, 57-58. Turk. (Bulg.) > Hung. u"ro"m, see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*buta-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 основные нитки 2 bast, bass (for ropes)face="Times New Roman Star"1 основные нитки 2 лыко, мочало (для веревок)
face="Times New Roman Star"butar (MK) 1 (Clauson's 'papyrus reed' is hardly correct; one should rather translate it as 'warp of cotton cloth')











face="Times New Roman Star"pъw|dъw|r 2













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 307. Cf. also (ДТС 89) batatu 'cotton yarn', in a medical text.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)a:bface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"fame, good reputation, newsface="Times New Roman Star"слава, хорошая репутация , новости
face="Times New Roman Star"c?av (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"c?av
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aw (Sangl.)


face="Times New Roman Star"c?ovface="Times New Roman Star"c?a:v (arch.)face="Times New Roman Star"sab-lag| 'renowned'face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap-tyg| 'renowned'face="Times New Roman Star"c?apface="Times New Roman Star"c?ov (may be < Az.)



face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 93, EDT 393. Final -p in Siberian languages is not quite clear.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)aly-(gan)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 bush, shrub 2 nettle 3 thornface="Times New Roman Star"1 куст 2 крапива 3 колючка

face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alag|an 2 (R - Vam.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?alo|w 'ковыль волосистый'

face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 'солянка кустарниковая'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?alg|yn, (R) s?alg|anaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?alqanc?aq 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?alu 'eine Pflanze zum Verbrennen'




face="Times New Roman Star"c?alqan 2



face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 'blackthorn; thorn'



face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97, Лексика 110. Clauson (EDT 420) relates here OT (МК) c?alqan 'spread of an injury' which is not quite probable (rather a derivative from the polysemic c?al-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sab-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to be stopped, hindered, discontinued 2 to stop, finish 3 to turn off (the road) 4 to get rid of 5 to turn downwards, decline 6 to pass, pass awayface="Times New Roman Star"1 кончаться, останавливаться 2 переставать, прекращаться 3 сворачивать (с пути) 4 избавляться 5 склоняться книзу, удаляться, устраняться 6 проходить, исчезать
face="Times New Roman Star"savra- 1, savyl- 5 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sav- 4, savus?- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"sav- 3, 4 (AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"so|w-, su:-, so|wul-, suwul- (dial.) 2

face="Times New Roman Star"sovul- 2, sovus?- 6face="Times New Roman Star"sow- 3, sowul- 2, 3













face="Times New Roman Star"saus?- 6face="Times New Roman Star"savus?- 6


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 788-789, 791, ЭСТЯ 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sud-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to spit outface="Times New Roman Star"выплевыватьface="Times New Roman Star"su/od- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"su/od|- (MK)







face="Times New Roman Star"*suz- (Koib. > Kam. suz-, Joki 1952, 276-277)


face="Times New Roman Star"sor-













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 431, EDT 799, Егоров 196, Федотов 2, 65.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tosunface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wild, undisciplinedface="Times New Roman Star"дикий, необъезженныйface="Times New Roman Star"tosun (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tosun (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"tosun 'bull-calf; young man'
face="Times New Roman Star"tusan (Буд.)
face="Times New Roman Star"tosun
face="Times New Roman Star"to:sun (dial. ДСАз 385)face="Times New Roman Star"tosun



face="Times New Roman Star"tos- 'to rave'



face="Times New Roman Star"tusap-sa 'quarrelsome'face="Times New Roman Star"tosyn 'unexpectedly', tosyrqa- 'to stand aloof'







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 555-556, VEWT 491, TMN 2, 613-614, Ашм. XIV, 175, 180, Федотов 2, 255-256.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?epil/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a half-year or 1-year-old kidface="Times New Roman Star"(полу)годовалый козленок
face="Times New Roman Star"c?epis? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"c?epis?, c?epic?


face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivic?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"pis?face="Times New Roman Star"c?ebis?


face="Times New Roman Star"c?apis? ( < Az.?)




face="Times New Roman Star"c?ebic?


face="Times New Roman Star"c?emic?



face="Times New Roman Star"c?ebic?face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 105, EDT 399, Щербак 1961, 120. Cf. also Chag. c?iber 'mountain goat' (R). The reflex -b- in Turkm. and Uygh. may be an indication of original vowel length (?) Shcherbak's hypothesis of the word being borrowed < Iranian is dubious; Pers. c?apis?, c?apus? itself may well be borrowed < Turkic. In any case, the Persian form cannot be a regular IE match for Lat. caper. Cf. WH 1, 157, sub caper: "Np. c?apis?...lautlich unmo"glich"; indeed, Common Iranian -p- (< IE -p-) > Mod. Pers. and NW-Iran. -b-, in exceptional cases -v- (Расторгуева ЗИФ 114-115); a parallel for caper may perhaps be found in Sak. cau_, Osset. ca"v 'goat' (see Аб. 1, 307, Bailey 105). One should mention the problematic "Wanderformen" Rum. cap, Alb. tsap, Ital. dial. cappo, Crim.-Goth. stap, Slav. *ca//pъ 'he-goat'; cf. also Oyr. c?a:p 'one year-old roebuck' ( < Mong.?). See Трубачев 1960, 89-90, Orel 47 with literature; note especially Hubschmid's (1954, 49) hypothesis of the Turkic origin of this Wanderwort.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jul-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to ransom 2 ransomface="Times New Roman Star"1 выкупать 2 выкупface="Times New Roman Star"julug| 2face="Times New Roman Star"jul- 1, julug| 2












face="Times New Roman Star"sulu: 2






face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uluv 2




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 210. Turk. > Mong. z?|oli- 'to ransom' (KW 476; Щербак 1997, 164: MMong. z?|olia, WMong. z?|olig| < Turk. julug|), whence Man. z?|olig|an etc. (see ТМС 1, 263).
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)aly-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 sky 2 to clear up (of sky)face="Times New Roman Star"1 небо 2 проясняться (о небе)face="Times New Roman Star"qalyq (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"(ko"k) qalyq 1 (MK)











face="Times New Roman Star"? jъl- 'to shine, glitter'face="Times New Roman Star"kilej-xalaj 'shining', xalyn- 2, xalla:n 'clear sky, good weather'face="Times New Roman Star"kalla:n 1











face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 226, Лексика 60-61, Stachowski 135.
face="Times New Roman Star"*[g]e.ntu" (-nd-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"self, himselfface="Times New Roman Star"самface="Times New Roman Star"kentu" (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kendu" (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kendi, dial. gendu"




face="Times New Roman Star"gendi





face="Times New Roman Star"kini 'he'face="Times New Roman Star"gini 'he', gien 'own'











face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 728-729, ЭСТЯ 5, 38-39, Убрятова 1953, Ra"sa"nen 1957, 18, Stachowski 86.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyc?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"foot, shinface="Times New Roman Star"нога, голень

face="Times New Roman Star"kyc? 'foot, shin; coccyx, behind'
face="Times New Roman Star"qyc? (AH)


face="Times New Roman Star"Gyc?face="Times New Roman Star"Gyc? (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qys 'камус'

face="Times New Roman Star"xys/ 'back, behind'face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s berbe:kej 'щиколотка, лодыжка' (?)







face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?



face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 281, ЭСТЯ 6, 252-253.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ben|iface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"joy, pleasureface="Times New Roman Star"радость, удовольствиеface="Times New Roman Star"ben|i, men|iface="Times New Roman Star"men|i (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 348, Лексика 195 (sub 'brain').
face="Times New Roman Star"*ogryface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"thiefface="Times New Roman Star"ворface="Times New Roman Star"og|ry (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"og|ry (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"uuru
face="Times New Roman Star"og|ry (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"o.g|riface="Times New Roman Star"og|ri, og|urface="Times New Roman Star"og|urface="Times New Roman Star"og|ruface="Times New Roman Star"og|ryface="Times New Roman Star"og|yrface="Times New Roman Star"og|ryface="Times New Roman Star"u:r
face="Times New Roman Star"vъw|rъw|face="Times New Roman Star"uor- 'to steal'face="Times New Roman Star"uor- 'to steal'face="Times New Roman Star"o:rface="Times New Roman Star"o:ryface="Times New Roman Star"u:ruface="Times New Roman Star"u>ry



face="Times New Roman Star"og|ryface="Times New Roman Star"uryface="Times New Roman Star"og|ryface="Times New Roman Star"oru, uruface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 90, ЭСТЯ 1, 412-414, TMN 2, 77-78, Stachowski 244. Turk. > Mong. *og|urc?ak, see Щербак 1997, 164; Hung. or, orv 'mischievous', see Gombocz 1912.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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